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Siboyo's Animism

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After the 14th century, the terms boldan and solano were replaced with sultan. The description above shows the neglect of the rights of Indigenous peoples that had previously been regulated in Article 18B, paragraph 2, and Article 28, I, paragraph 3 of the 1945 Constitution, Law no. 5 of 1960, and other implementing regulations. Population data, according to existing sources, still adheres to the 1971 population census. The Center for Historical & Cultural Research in the 1976/1977 budget year began an activity called a research project and recording of regional culture. Article 1, paragraph 3 of Ministerial Regulation no. 5 of 1999 concerning guidelines for resolving customary rights issues for indigenous legal communities emphasizes that indigenous legal communities are a group of people who are bound by their customary law system as citizens together with a legal association because of the same place of residence / based on descent. In 2015, problems were still related to spatia...

Mangole's Animism

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The term Maluku originally referred to the four centers of the Kingdom/palace in North Maluku, namely Ternate, Tidore, Bacan, and Jailolo. At one time, it was widely accepted that the term came from Arabic, with its original form estimated as jaziratul muluk, which means the territory of many Kings. Mountains as a symbol of the Kingdom were also common in the past, especially in Java and Sumatra. How was the condition of this region several centuries ago, especially during the emporium-empire? There has been no in-depth and accurate research. On islands that can be said to be large, such as Halmahera, Morotai, Obi, Taliabu, Seram, Buru, Aru, and Tanimbar, there are also relatively large lowlands. In the Sula Islands, there are several ethnic groups, such as the Mangole tribe. The third dialect is fagudu, used in other villages in Sulawesi and on the eastern & western ends of Manole Island. Since the mid-20th century, the population of the ethnic group has experienced a rapid declin...