Religion Realm

Based on the 2010 Indonesian population census, out of 753,399 people, the indigenous population of West and Southwest Papua was 387,816, with the Wandamen as the main group. The Wandamen language is spoken by approximately 8,000 people in Wasior District, Manokwari Regency. The first was a Biak man, and the second a woman from Karoon. At their request, Mansinam was appointed as their workplace. After 14 days living together in the forest, they were discovered by Hattam people, and the two fled to Andai. They ambushed the woman, killing her six-year-old child in the fire. It was later discovered that that same day, another person had died a four- to five-day walk away. One of their foster children, a little girl named Fatima from Serui, also died. And finally, a real crisis occurred when a husband and wife, along with their highly respected grandmother, Main Pao of Kurudu, died one after another. It was situated higher up the coast and was then named Bethel. An epidemic broke out in Me...

During the Merti Desa celebration, a shadow puppet performance is always held, beginning after Friday prayers with the Sri Mulih play. On Saturday morning, a traditional ceremony is held called "jolen," an abbreviation of the words "ojo kelalen," meaning "don't forget the creator." This event occurs when the rice plants are 70-75 days old. The purpose of this ceremony is to remind the people of Kemetul village of their ancestors' contributions and to express gratitude to God for all the blessings and abundant harvests. Reresik lak is a ritual tradition practiced by the ancestors of Ngiring Hamlet, Jaten Village, Ngawi Regency. Geographically, Jaten Village is located between the South and East Longitudes. The culture that creates reresik lak is a cognition based on the ecological intelligence of the Ngiring ancestors. The Samin teachings continue to thrive today, especially in Blora, Pati, Kudus, and Bojonegoro regencies. In the case of the Pertami...

Thus, Blench believes that there is no single ancestor of the Austronesian languages, meaning that there was no single Proto-Austronesian language that served as the precursor to today's Austronesian languages. They utilized a variety of sophisticated maritime technologies to navigate the islands of the Indo-Pacific. The simplest form of all ancestral Austronesian boats had five parts. The Champa people of Vietnam also uniquely developed basket-shaped boats made of woven bamboo with resin bonding. They brought pottery technology to Tonga. Polished and ground adzes, chisels, and other tools, some made from stones such as jade, have also been found in Melanesia and are associated with the Lapita culture. On Rapa Nui, carvings have distinctive motifs but still show similarities to Marquesas techniques and motifs. Red-painted dog paintings on cliffs and caves can also be found on Kauai and Maui. They cite various reasons, including the lack of rongorongo production before the 1860s and...

He oversees several clan/tribal leaders, such as Mano. This research seeks to explore the elements of animist and dynamism within Acehnese Muslim society, from birth to death, as well as the beliefs that are still maintained. This study found that Acehnese Muslims still practice and believe in the religious teachings and beliefs left behind by their ancestors. However, the messages conveyed contradict Islamic teachings, as these teachings are based on animist and dynamist beliefs. It is known that the people of Lhokseumawe City and North Aceh still adhere to animist beliefs, despite having fundamentally embraced Islamic teachings spread by traders and merchants arriving from Arabia. The people of Lhokseumawe City and North Aceh Regency, who live in rural areas, also still believe in animist elements, which emphasize supernatural powers other than humans. Before the arrival of Islam in Lhokseumawe City and North Aceh Regency, the community adhered to animist and dynamist beliefs. Howeve...

The 1965 tragedy was the greatest tragedy in this nation's dark history. The Dayak-Madurese conflict in West Kalimantan in mid-February 2001, for example, illustrates the potential for this disintegration. Rahmawati stated that the struggle for religious ideology within the Katingan Dayak family in Tewang Tampang village had implications for traditional practices, serving as an arena for prestige contestation. Land slopes between 0 and 40% are considered coastal areas, while slopes between 40 and 60% are considered undulating to hilly areas. This type of land is more prevalent around Yapen Island. In 2011, the Edera district was divided into three districts: Edera, Syahcame, and Bamgi. The seven villages and sub-districts mentioned above are Bade, Geturki, Mememu, Gimikiya, Banamepe, Yodom, and Isyaman. Youtefa Bay is also called Fatjich, which means calm bay. Furthermore, the area manages Hamadi Beach as a natural tourist destination, offering rest huts and selling snacks. The riv...

The Yapen people are an ethnic group inhabiting Yapen Island in Cenderawasih Bay. This ethnic group consists of seven indigenous tribes and three settler tribes, such as the Yawa Unat. Majapahit, also known as Wilwatikta, was a Javanese Hindu-Buddhist thalassocratic empire based on the island of Java, now in Indonesia. This caught the attention of Kublai Khan, ruler of the Yuan dynasty in China. He sent an envoy named Meng Chi to Singhasari demanding tribute. On the advice of royal advisor Aria Wiraraja, Jayakatwang granted pardon to Raden Wijaya, Kertanegara's son-in-law, who surrendered. Wiraraja then sent an envoy to Daha, bearing a letter stating that Raden Wijaya surrendered and agreed to serve Jayakatwang. Raden Wijaya was then given the Tarik forest. He cleared the forest and built a new village with a main port in Canggu. He was officially crowned Kertarajasa Jayawardhana. Wijaya died in 1309. Wijaya's son and successor was Jayanegara. The Pararaton, a 16th-century chro...

The Biak tribe is an ethnic group originating from the Biak Islands in Cenderawasih Bay, just off the north coast of Papua Island. Some also call it Numfor, Mafor, Wiak / Vyak. Just like the abilities of the Bugis tribe, they explore the oceans from the Maluku Islands, Sulawesi, Java, to the Malacca Peninsula. They sell various commodities to several Yapen Waropen island clusters, Wondama & Dore bays, Manokwari, Amberbaken, and extend to various waters of the archipelago. The sun shines hot throughout the year with the highest average intensity of radiation in June. The south & southeast / east are bordered by Sarae sub-district which is the city center area with market facilities and other trade bordered by the Bagareso river. There are 4 small bays that have long been a stopover for fishing boats & traders since ancient times, namely So Nggela, Toro Londe, Bonto and Kolo bays. The word tolo Bali means to reject back. It is called the Sora village, because the word sora me...

North Maluku has 37 languages, including Vedic. Vedic religion refers to the ideology and religious practices of the Indo-Aryan language group in ancient India after 1500 BC. The Indo-Aryan language is a branch of the Indo-European language group, which was born from the Sintashta culture and continued to develop until it finally became the Andronovo culture, and is believed to have originated from the Kurgan culture that grew from the Central Asian steppes. The early Vedic period is most often proposed to have begun in the 2nd millennium BC and is believed to have ended in 500 BC. The period between 800 and 200 BC was the formative period for Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism. Adi Shankara, an 8th-century AD philosopher who unified the mainstream thought of Hinduism, interpreted the Vedas as non-dualist / single. The word Brahmanism was coined by Gonçalo Fernandes Trancoso in the 16th century & is related to the metaphysical concept of Brahman, which developed from post-Vedic ideas ...

In traditional societies, life cycle rituals are usually aimed at ancestors/prayer ceremonies & belief in the existence of ancestors and rituals, and have traditions that are still strong today. Therefore, the pomaloana mate tradition in the Kadolokatapi sub-district still needs to be developed & maintained by the community. The creation of meaning is inseparable from the results of thoughts, experiences & beliefs carried out by previous ancestors. The 3-day Thanksgiving ceremony means paying homage to the deceased spirit. The seventh-day thanksgiving ceremony means paying homage to the spirit that is starting to leave the house. The 40-day thanksgiving ceremony is intended to pay homage to the spirit that has started to leave the yard. The spirit has started to move towards the grave. The 100-day ceremony is to pay homage to the spirit that is already in the grave. The Buton community, before converting to Islam, adhered to animism & dynamism. They were also influenced...

The Manusela/Wahai tribe has a population of over 10,100 people centered in the Manusela mountains of North Seram, Maluku, Indonesia. The Naurus are a combination of Hinduism & animism, but in recent years, they have adopted some Protestant principles. Initially, the Naurus beliefs were close to animism. Not much is known about their religion, but it probably included the worship of Hindu and animist Gods, with influences from Mindanao during the early period.

The customary provisions inherited from their ancestors are the law of larvul ngabal. Temporary research results show that it is believed that the ancestors of the Kei tribe came from the village of Pedawa. Currently, most Kei people have embraced religions such as Islam / Christianity, even the Tanimbar Kei people who inhabit the island of Tanimbar Kei are mostly Hindu, just like their ancestors who came from Bali. However, some still believe in concepts such as spirits & magical powers according to the religion of their ancestors. Spirits are considered to be able to bring happiness & also misery. This indigenous community has a traditional belief system known as mitu whose teachings strengthen animist beliefs, the social structure of the Tanimbarkei community is now formed from 2 ohoi with a level of plurality that is spread across different regions.

The Nuaulu tribe who live in 10 villages in the northwest of Manusela have a language similar to Manusela & have a population of 400. The smallest kinship unit is the ancestral tate which contains people who have 1 ancestor, then the family which includes the nuclear family with relatives, both from the father's and mother's side. Relationships between members of society are regulated by traditional behavioral norms called adat, which originate from ancestral customs. The Ambon tribe divides its history into 6 important eras, from the time of the ancestors, continued by the Portuguese, vlaming, pattimura, the company, to the republic era. However, the Yale ship soon ran aground in Nunusaku & became the ancestor of the Ambon tribe, while the Nibela ship continued to sail and its crew became the ancestors of Europeans. The three doves on the banyan tree branch of Nunusaku are often considered to represent Shem, Ham & Japhet, the ancestors of humans. Until now, several...

Although the rituals created ties between villages, there was great diversity in dialects, social hierarchies, and ritual practices in the highlands of Sulawesi. The event was documented by National Geographic and broadcast in several European countries. Western tourists were encouraged to visit the Stone Age villages and ancient burial grounds. Schools were established and teachers were brought in from Sangihe Talaud and Ambon. In 1970, Aluk Todolo was protected by the state and officially categorized as Hindu, often referred to as Hindu Alukta. This migration occurred until 1985. The Indonesian government has recognized Aluk To Dolo / Hindu Alukta as part of Hinduism in Indonesia. They still adhere to animism and have not been touched by the outside world. Relationships between families are expressed through blood, marriage, and sharing ancestral homes, practically marked by the exchange of buffalo and pigs in rituals. Rituals related to the tongkonan are very important in the spirit...