Kutai's Animism


There is a version that states that the term Dayak is not a tribal name in the past because the term Dayak is a name given by the Dutch which was used by the Dutch colonialists to insult the community. So the term Dayak itself does not actually come from the ancestors of the Kalimantan people themselves. There is an oral tradition in each Kutai community family that says that their ancestors came from China, similar to the oral tradition of the Dayak Kenyah community.

After the influx of people from Yunnan, there was a mixing of people due to marriage. However, then they were called haloq by the Dayak tribe / native tribe of Tanah Kutai because they came out of the customs / culture / beliefs of their ancestors. That is why the native Kutai tribe will call the Dayak tribe with the term densanak tuha which means older brother because they are still 1 ancestor.

They inhabit the Sangkulirang sub-district. The history of this tribe began with Puncan Karna, the youngest son of Aji Tulur Jejangkat who married Aji Ratu, the son of Maharaja Sultan. They inhabit the Long Iram sub-district.

He gave birth to the Tunjung tribe who inhabit the Melak, Barong Tongkok & Muara Pahu sub-districts. Then there are the Kenyah & Kayan tribes who are immigrants from Apo Kayan, Bulungan district. While the Dayak Tunjung & Benuaq tribes are from the Sendawar tribe who remain steadfast in holding onto their ancestral beliefs.

The Kutai Kingdom has a strong history of animism & dynamism beliefs and Hinduism as a newcomer religion. With its strategic location near the Mahakam River, the Kingdom's land is fertile & very suitable for farming. Its first king had 3 sons & one of his sons was Mulawarman.

After the entry of the Indian influence in Indonesia, there was a structural change in the traditional belief system of the community to Hinduism. Mulwarman also had a son named Acwa Varman. While Kudungga's descendants, Mulawarman & Aswawarman are thought to have been influenced by the name of Hindu culture from India.

Mulawarman even held a ceremony to offer 20,000 cows to the Brahmins in Waprakecvara. Uniquely, the Kutai Kingdom, which is known for its strong animism, dynamism & Hindu beliefs, frees its people to practice their religion. This kingdom is called Kute in the Kakawin Nagarakretagama, which is one of the conquered areas in the island country of Tanjungnagara by Patih Gajah Mada from Majapahit.

Replaced by the Banjar Sultanate. This happened when Kiai Martasura was sent to Makassar & made an agreement with I Mangadacinna Daeng Sitaba Karaeng Pattingalloang Sultan Mahmud, namely the King of Tallo who served as mangkubumi for Sultan Malikussaid King of Gowa in 1638 - 1654.

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