Religion Realm

Indonesia, which consists of tens of thousands of islands and hundreds of ethnic groups, is a country with the highest heterogeneity on earth, and it has a cultural diversity that reflects the extraordinary wealth of the nation. These beliefs can be in the form of beliefs in God Almighty, beliefs in Gods, spirits, ancestors, supernatural objects, magical powers, etc. In addition, until now they still maintain noble values ​​and carry out the traditions inherited from their ancestors, one of which is a ritual related to their lives. According to I Made Suarsana, belief is a system of human behavior to achieve a certain purpose by relying on the will and power of creatures such as spirits, Gods, etc. They believe that the universe is a place for good and evil spirits to live, which can influence human life. They believe their ancestors are still present in this world and can provide assistance and guidance in everyday life. They believe that every event and activity must begin with praye...

Are you curious to know how the lives of our ancestors developed in prehistoric times? Kjokkenmoddinger is a term derived from Danish, namely kjokken, which means kitchen, and modding, which means garbage. So, kjokkenmoddinger actually means kitchen waste. Kjokkenmoddinger is kitchen waste from the Mesolithic era found along the east coast of Sumatra. This was studied by Dr. PV van Stein Callenfels in 1925 & according to his research, human life at that time depended on catching snails and shellfish because the garbage of both animals was found as high as 7 m. This advanced hunting & gathering period is estimated to have taken place during the Mesolithic period, which was marked by a change in tradition from initially gathering food to producing their own food. Still, they were not yet fully able to meet all their food needs because their tools, namely pebble hand axes, could only be used to loosen the soil by farming by gardening. In ancient times, it is estimated that the Ben...

This proverb is very appropriate for describing indigenous peoples in Indonesia. Legal expert Satjipto Rahardjo mentioned several requirements in Article 18B paragraph 2 of the 1945 Constitution as a form of hegemonic state power that determines the existence or absence of indigenous peoples. The birth of the Constitutional Court decision no. 35 of 2012 is the basis for the recognition, protection & empowerment of the sovereignty of indigenous peoples in managing their forests. It explicitly mandates that customary forest management can be carried out by indigenous peoples and their existence is no longer in state forest areas. The change in leadership of aMaN Maluku affected the organization's performance in assisting the Nuaulu tribe in Central Maluku for a while. Meanwhile, aMaN Riau at that phase experienced internal challenges, in addition to external factors in the form of a political map in the local government, which influenced the assistance program for the Talang Mama...

Other tribes from Sulawesi include the Maiwa tribe. This research and writing have never been written in the form of a research report. There is only the history of Gowa, Bone & Wajo written by Abdul Rasak Daeng Patunru, but in its presentation, it does not explain the Japanese era and the physical revolution. This district is bordered to the north by the Thna Toraja district, to the east by the Luwu district, to the south by the Sidenreng Rappang district, and to the west by the Pinrang district. The table above shows that the Alla sub-district has a high population density, reaching 244 iiwa / km. This fairly long period of approximately 500 years is divided into several periods in detail. Thmboro Langiq married Sanda Biliq, a water genie woman from the Saqdang River. Of the children of Thmboro Langiq & Sanda Biliq, only Puang Sanda Boro is known to have married a genie woman named Tobuqtu Ribatang. From this marriage was born a son named Lakipada, the man whose wife disappea...

Suku asal Sulawesi lainnya termasuk suku Duri. Bahasa Duri adalah bahasa yang paling banyak di tuturkan di kabupaten Enrekang. Permukiman suku Duri ini berbatasan dengan kabupaten Tana Toraja. Permukiman orang Duri meliputi kecamatan Anggeraja, Masalle, Alla, Baroko, Curio, Malua, Baraka & Buntu Batu. Beberapa waktu lalu sempat bergulir wacana pembentukan kabupaten Tanah Duri. Masyarakat suku Duri juga tetap mempertahankan & memelihara adat sesuai dengan ajaran nenek moyang mereka.

In the 18th century, sea trade was prevalent. This maritime knowledge was inherited from the Austronesian era. The majority did not know God & traditional animism beliefs were still strong. The Mandar tribe has three beliefs: animism, Islam, and a mixture of animism and Islam. Animism is not prohibited as long as it does not conflict with Islamic law. Even the mixture of these two beliefs produces rituals with prayers from the Quran.

Although the rituals created ties between villages, there was great diversity in dialects, social hierarchies, and ritual practices in the highlands of Sulawesi. The event was documented by National Geographic and broadcast in several European countries. Western tourists were encouraged to visit the Stone Age villages and ancient burial grounds. Schools were established and teachers were brought in from Sangihe Talaud and Ambon. In 1970, Aluk Todolo was protected by the state and officially categorized as Hindu, often referred to as Hindu Alukta. This migration occurred until 1985. The Indonesian government has recognized Aluk To Dolo / Hindu Alukta as part of Hinduism in Indonesia. They still adhere to animism and have not been touched by the outside world. Relationships between families are expressed through blood, marriage, and sharing ancestral homes, practically marked by the exchange of buffalo and pigs in rituals. Rituals related to the tongkonan are very important in the spirit...

Indonesia is a country that shows the diversity of geographical conditions and lifestyles and the nature of a multi-ethnic society. One of the riches and attractions of the Indonesian archipelago is its cultural diversity. In that year, the Portuguese landed and visited to meet the King of Gowa. From East Asia such as China, the Moors from North Africa & Yemen from the Middle East. This kingdom also faced a terrible war with the Dutch until its fall due to the Dutch pitting against the conquered Kingdom. Several central figures of Gowa who refused to surrender such as Karaeng Galesong, Bontomarannu, Karunrung, Sultan Harun al Rasyid Raja Tallo & Daeng Mangalle migrated to Java. This village later gave birth to the Karaeng Aji generation named Tun Abdul Razak & Najib Razak as PM of Malaysia. In the land of Pagoda Thailand in 1686 by Daeng Mangalle with the name Makkasan in the heart of Bangkok's capital. With the enactment of Law No. 22 of 1999 which mandates regional an...

Several fragment artifacts were found in the Walanae and Maros river valleys, which are estimated to date from between 40,000 and 19,000 BC. The skeletons are estimated to be more than 7200 years old. These Austronesian people later mixed with the Indigenous population and became the direct ancestors of the tribes in South Sulawesi, including the Bugis tribe. The ancestral land of the Bugis tribe is located around Lake Tempe and Sidenreng in the Walannae depression on the southwest peninsula of Sulawesi. This is where the ancestors of the current Bugis tribe settled, possibly in the mid-to-late second millennium BC. Estimated to date between 4000 and 2000 BC, these seeds are likely related to the arrival of their Austronesian ancestors in the region / among the earlier Toalean hunter-gatherer society. There are many respected shipbuilding centers in the region, including Ara, the land of Lemo & Bira. Writing in the lontara script probably first appeared around 1400. In the 14th cen...