Religion Realm

Indonesia is an archipelago with diverse customs, cultures, languages ​​& ethnic groups. While the Dayak tribe of the Lawangan group who speak the East Barito language and inhabit the northern region of the Meratus mountains speak the Dayak Maanyan Warukin language, Dayak Dusun Halong, Dayak Samihin, Dayak Deah / Dusun Deyah, Dayak Lawangan & Dayak Abal. Lawangan means an open gate.  The word comes from the word hole, which indicates that the ancestors of the Dayak Lawangan people used to live in a cave at the foot of a mountain called Mount Luang. This suggests that the ancestors of the Lawangan people used to live in a cave at the foot of a mountain called Mount Luang. This name was used in the 13th century during the Hindu Kingdom.  According to the Dayak Ngaju people, Kaharingan existed for thousands of years before the arrival of major religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam & Christianity. Kabaringan people believe the natural surroundings are alive and full of sp

The largest sub-district in Tabalong Regency is Muara Uya sub-district with 924.16 km2, then Jaro sub-district with 819.00 km2, while the smallest area is Muara Harus sub-district with 62.90 km2. The location of this research is in Warukin village as shown in the following map. Meanwhile, the Dayak tribe of the Maanyan group who speaks the East Barito language inhabits the northern area of ​​the Meratus mountains speaking the Dayak Maanyan Warukin language, Dayak Dusun Halong, Dayak Samihin, Dayak Deah / Dusun Deyah, Dayak Lawangan & Dayak Abal. With instincts as homo religio, the people of Kalimantan make nature a mediation to present a transcendent specifically in local meta-cosmic elements which are pejoratively called animism. Beliefs originating from animism are still strong in the Maanyan community. One example of this animism is the sacred abeh of Dayu village in the miwit abeh ritual, where the original Dayak Maanyan people of Dayu village believe in the superpower of these

BPS used the name Buket Tribe for this ethnic group in the 2000 population census. The ancestors of the Pitap Dayak people originally lived in the Tanah Hidup area, which is the border area between the Balangan and Kotabaru districts. Tanah Hidup is a sacred land area believed to be the area of ​​origin of their ancestors. Furthermore, based on the 1993 sub-district decree, Ajung village was merged into Iyam. The mythology of the Meratus Dayak tribe / Bukit Dayak tribe states that the Banjar & Bukit tribes are descendants of 2 brothers, namely Si Ayuh alias Datung Ayuh alias Dayuhan alias Sandayuhan who gave birth to the Bukit tribe and Bambang Siwara alias Bambang Basiwara who gave birth to the Banjar tribe. In the folk prose story in the Meratus Dayak language, it is intended to be revealed that the ancestor of the Banjar people named Bambang Basiwara was the younger brother of the ancestor of the Meratus Dayak people named Sandayuhan. In accordance with his status as the ancesto

Benuaq itself comes from the word Benuaq broadly meaning a certain territory/region, such as a country/nation. According to the ancestors of the Benuaq people & based on the language dialect group in Benuaq, it is believed that the Benuaq people did not actually come from Central Kalimantan, except from the Seniang Jatu group. Each has a story/history that their ancestors were on earth directly in their current place. One version of the story of their ancestors is Aji Tulur Jejangkat & Mook Manar Bulatn. Both have descendants of Nara Gunaq so Benuaq people, Sualas Gunaq ancestors are Tonyoy/Tunjung, and Puncan Karnaq ancestors are Kutai people. Benuaq people in the lower Mahakam area & Jempang Lake and its surroundings to Bongan & Kedang Pahu River claim to be descendants of Seniang Bumuy. Seniang Jatu is believed to be the ancestor of the Benuaq people in the Bentian & Nyuatan areas. It is said that Seniang Jatu descended from Aput Pererawetn, on the banks of the B

In the Sipitang region of Sabah, the Sabahan Lun Bawang and Lundayeh tribes celebrate their harvest festival every two years during the GATA festival. Traditional dances and costumes are exhibited together with people from other Indigenous tribes in the region, such as the Kedayan tribe. The Kedayan / Kadayan tribe is one of the 7 original ethnic groups of Brunei. The Kedayan tribe is one of the nations that live in Miri. The Kedayans in Labuan are not coastal and tend to live in inland areas. Initially, the ancestors of this traditional community came from a village called Pinapalan. The traditional clothing worn by the Kedayan people is black with red edges. This color is a strong influence from the traditional clothing vendors of Ponorogo, who are the ancestors of the Kedayan tribe. Small Java is what is most likely the island of Java today. In fact, some people say that the Kedayan tribe comes from Kutai. Based on the language theory where there are many diverse languages ​​is like

M Nasroen was the first person to pioneer the study of ethnic philosophy in the 60s through his book Falsafah Minangkabau. Then Sunoto conducted a survey of Javanese ethnic philosophy. The main sources of ethnic philosophy are mythology, legends, folklore, the way an ethnic group builds its houses & holds its ceremonies, the literature they produce, and the epics they write, all of which underlie the building of the ethnic philosophy. Talking about human philosophy in the context of the Archipelago also means talking about the ethnic philosophy embraced by all members of a tribe. However, not all ancestors of tribes in Indonesia passed down their philosophy in the form of books or writing because they did not yet have a script / written language/writing system. The Berawa tribe passed down its philosophy through spoken media, stories, and mythology, which was told to its tribe members. This study aims to obtain answers to the formulation of the problem proposed above, with the hope

According to Tom Harrisson and S Runciman, the Lun Bawang community was one of the early settlers in Sarawak's mountainous areas and was related to the Kelabit tribe. However, now there is a permanent road route from Miri to Bario. During World War II, the Kelabih tribe, like other native people of Kalimantan, collaborated with the Allies against the Japanese. After World War II, the Kelabit tribe was visited by Christian missionaries from the evangelical congregation of Borneo. The Lun Bawang tribe was very enthusiastic in school & in 1940, around 95% of the Lun Bawang and Kelabit tribes under the age of 20 in Lawas Damit were literate. The people of the Lun Bawangs & Kelabit tribe are royal descendants from the house of Bolkiah because they use titles such as Dayang, sultan, Agong, and pengiran, names used by their ancestors in the past.

It is estimated that there are more than 1,340 ethnic groups in the country. Orang Ulu is a political ethnic term created for around 27 tiny but ethnically diverse ethnic groups in Sarawak, with a population ranging from under 300 to more than 25,000. This ethnic group uses the North Borneo language group. Orang Ulu gave birth to other tribes, one example is the Anak Dalam tribe on the island of Sumatra. They mostly live in Jambi, with a population of around 200 thousand people. They often refer to themselves as jungle people who live in the forests of Bukit 12 National Park & ​​Bukit 30 National Park in Bungo, Tebo, Sarolangun, and Batanghari districts. According to the oral tradition, the ancestors of this tribe came from Maalau Sesat. All of these animist beliefs are more conservative. For the Lun Bawang community, Alan Beltcher & Madge Hill, Australians are very popular. They settled with the Lun Bawang community in Long Semadoh A village & translated the Christian Bibl

The Paser / Dayak Paser tribe is an ethnic group whose ancestral homeland is along the southeast of the island of Kalimantan / Borneo / located in the southern part of East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The Paser tribe has an ancient civilization, even in the mythological story the Paser tribe is one of the oldest ethnic groups on the island of Kalimantan / Borneo & they call the bansu tatau datai danum civilization which means humans who live on the coast, rivers and lakes from the bansu tatau datai danum civilization. Petong after marrying Abu Mansyur Indra Jaya, Princess Petong gave birth to her first child, Aji Mas Nata Pangeran Berlindung bin Abu Mansyur Indra Jaya a year later. The son of the young king Aji Pangeran Tumenggung Bayabaya was then inaugurated as King Kutai Kartanegara V replacing King Kutai Kertanegara IV Aji Raja Mandarsyah. At that time the palace of the Banjar Sultanate had been moved from Pemakuan to the Batang Banyu area because previously in 1612 the Kuin Palace

Based on the 2010 BPS census, there are at least 1,340 ethnic groups in Indonesia. Meanwhile, Poline Bala, who studies changes in the Kelabit community in Sarawak, has also focused on the community itself as an agent of change. Murut Keningau, called Murut Nabai, occupies the Keningau flat land area & Murut Timugon occupies the Tenom flat land area. Murut Bookan lives in the Dalit River valley area on the Sook border. Murut Tengara inhabits the upper reaches of the Kinabatangan River, expanding to the west across the upper reaches of the Kuamut River. In the past, the Dayak people adhered to animism. The Murut Tahol people adhere to animist beliefs. This article will discuss the efforts of the Murut Tahol community to maintain their cultural practices even though their religious beliefs have changed from animism to Christianity. In 1937, missionaries from BEM came to them with the conversion intention but their efforts failed. The Murut Paluan community in Sabah, especially in Naba

One theory states that Apo Duat is a shared ancestral homeland that has expanded to coastal areas. However, attacks by Muslim raiders may have occurred in the 17th century. The journey to the village can be done using 4-wheeled or 2-wheeled land transportation, and it takes approximately 30 minutes. Not only that, when we arrived at the village square of Sapi Island, we were also greeted by a fairly large crocodile statue. One of the Dayak Lundayeh cultural activists, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Steven explained, that the crocodile is one of the identities of Lundayeh. While telu is meat/fish that is marinated with salt & stored in bamboo for over a month. Bandar and suburban students differ in terms of socio-economic and ethnic cultural diversity. Before the 1920s, the Lun Bawang tribe was mostly animist. Before religion entered the Mentarang and Krayan areas in North Kalimantan, the Dayak Lundayeh people were animists. As with other ethnic groups, Dayak Lundayeh also has traditio

The concentration of settlements of the Rongga tribe, generally living in East Flores & East Manggarai districts. The belief system during the Perundagian period still continued the previous period, namely animism & dynamism. The discovery of prehistoric sites proves that the ancestors of Indonesian people have long believed in animist beliefs, namely the worship of spirits in certain objects other than living creatures. In the archipelago, before the arrival of religion from the outside, the people still adhered to old beliefs, namely animism & dynamism. Animism is the belief that everything on earth, both living and dead, has a spirit and must be respected so that it does not disturb humans. Evidence of animism & dynamism beliefs can be seen from the remains of local cultural beliefs of people who believe in the worship of ancestral spirits and supernatural objects. Buildings left by adherents of animism & dynamism are often referred to as original buildings of pa

Meanwhile, other islands include Sawu Island. This island was inhabited by immigrants who then also inhabited Raijua Island. As in many other areas in Indonesia, on this island betel is very popular, as is palm wine made from palm oil, and the sap is drunk directly from the tree. The people of this island, now known as the Sabu tribe, are also known to attach great importance to their genealogy & names are chosen to avoid repeating names in genealogies which are read during ritual performances such as at funerals, where the relationship of the deceased to their ancestors is remembered. Memorization of genealogies has also been observed in neighboring cultures, in Rote & Kedang. Jingtiu is the name given by Portuguese missionaries during the evangelization in 1625 to the beliefs of this tribe. Quoted by SeputarTangsel.Com from Flores Terkini, initially the mone ama / religious leaders did not understand the literal meaning of genios which they said was jingtiu. Jingi Tiu is a po

This province consists of several islands, including the island of Timor. In Ainaro district, there are Mount Tatamailau & Usululi. Members of parliament are elected for a term of 5 years. After the Carnation Revolution, the Portuguese colonial government granted concessions to the Oceanic Exploration Corporation for development & exploitation. However, this failed to happen due to the Seroja operation in 1976. In 1990 it was known that the population was around 3000 people. In November 2007, there were 11 sub-districts where food needs had to be supplied by international aid. A French anthropologist named Brigitte Clamagirand once lived in a Marobo tribe settlement. Most Timorese also retain some traditional animist beliefs & customs from pre-colonial times. Timor Leste's traditional beliefs have certain elements of animism. Usually, they say that maromak comes first & then matebian, spirits of ancestors and relatives who have died / klamar. The souls of the ancest

In a discussion about Lamaholot culture held by the Lamaholot community in Kupang recently, there was an answer from the resource person to a question from the discussion participants that made a deep impression on us. The story is about a boy who catches bass in a lake in a New Hampshire town. The 11-year-old boy managed to catch a large bass at exactly 10pm, 2 hours before the bass fishing season started. This province consists of several islands, including Solor Island. Lamaholot is an ethnic group that inhabits the East Flores & Lembata districts in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. They also live side by side with other ethnic groups, such as the Kedang & Sikka tribes, as well as migrant communities such as the Bugis, Makassar, Buton & Bajo. About the origin of the Lamaholot people, there is an oral history that says that they came from Keroko Pukeng / Lepan Batang, a small island to the north of Pantar Island which is now included in the Alor district. Meanwhile, the ori

In the past, European sailors called this island by two names, namely Chendan & Sandalwood Island. The fairly fertile lowlands are located to the west & south, namely around the valleys flowed by rivers. Apart from being a unique island as a producer of Sandel horses, Sumba people have long adhered to the local Marapu belief based on ancestor worship. Apart from that, Yewangoe estimates that Marapu comes from mera & apu, which has a shape like an ancestor. Meanwhile, in everyday terms, the people of Sumba usually refer to their ancestors as Marapu. This religion believes in the creator of heaven and earth which is carried out through the worship of ancestors. Communication with God can only occur through the spirits of ancestors, namely the Marapu who are believed to live with God. In this sense, the Marapu belief then cults the spirits of ancestors as intermediaries to worship the Supreme Creator / Supreme God. The Marapu religion is a religion that worships ancestors. In

According to folklore, their ancestors came from outside by sea on rafts from the west, east/north. The first ancestors of the Manggarai people were Nggae Sawu who came from across the country and landed in Manado Sawu. According to historical records, they were historically controlled alternately by the Bima tribe with the Bima Sultanate from the island of Sumbawa & the Makassar tribe with the Gowa Sultanate from the island of Sulawesi. Each subdistrict has a varying number of arenas depending on the area, such as the Lambaleda subdistrict which has a larger area than the Ruteng subdistrict, overseeing 12 subdistricts. In 1556 Father Antonio Taveira OP bathed 5000 Timorese people & also on the island of Ende. In 1701, for the first time in Kupang, an elementary school & Christian congregation union was established by a traveling pastor. Theodorus Verhoeven found a human skeleton in Momer & Bua's burrow. The first excavations were carried out in July 1965. Animism,

Like most other Indonesian ethnic groups, including the Sundanese, the Javanese are an Austronesian people whose ancestors are thought to have come from Taiwan & migrated through the Philippines to reach the island of Java between 1500 - 1000 BC. Apart from Austronesian influences, there are also influences from Islam, India, and the Western world in their lives. In 774 the tribe launched an attack on Po Nagar in Nhatrang where pirates destroyed the temple, while in 787 an attack was launched on Phangrang. This expansionist tribe launched several large expeditions to Madura, Bali in 1284, and Kalimantan & the most important expedition to Sumatra in 1275. From other authors' notes, it can be seen that some went to the Maldives, Calicut, Oman, Aden & the Sea. Red. The Javanese imported labor in the form of black people from Jenggi, Pujut & Bondan. This is shown by the presence of outriggers & oculi on African boats. The former capital can be found in Trowulan. Thi

Sundanese are the majority in Banten, the remainder are also found in rural areas of West Java. Sundanese consists of several dialects, such as the southern / Priangan dialect covering the city of Bandung & its surroundings. Meanwhile, the central-eastern dialect is spoken in the Majalengka & Indramayu districts. The Tarumanagara Kingdom was founded in 358 - 669 AD. Just like in other parts of Indonesia, the first religion/belief adopted in the Land of Sunda was animism & dynamism. Before religious influence from different nations, animism & dynamism were beliefs held by many people in the archipelago. Apart from religion which is used as a way of life, Sundanese people also have a way of life inherited from their ancestors. Meanwhile, the Galuh Kingdom was founded in 1030 - 1579 AD. It was during this time that Tanah Pasundan was famous for its wayang golek art. The performance time is also unique, namely in the evening starting around 20.00 – 21.00 until 04.00 in the

Unlike Outer Kanekes, the residents of Inner Kanekes still adhere to the traditions of their ancestors. The Kanekes Dalam people do not know written culture, so their customs, beliefs/religion & ancestral stories are only stored in oral speech. Based on information from the Kokolot of Cikeusik village, Kanekes people are not Hindus/Buddhists, but adherents of animism, a belief that respects ancestral spirits. The beliefs of the Kanekes community are referred to as Sundanese Wiwitan teachings, ancestral teachings passed down from generation to generation which are rooted in respect for karuhun / ancestral spirits & worship of the spirits of natural forces. This belief is an original form of traditional Sundanese society which believes in the power of nature & ancestors. Not only that, magical things can be seen in Sundanese Wiwitan culture where they are still strong in the beliefs of their ancestors. Their origins are often linked to Adam as the first ancestor. Van Tricht,