Religion Realm

Benuaq itself comes from the word Benuaq broadly meaning a certain territory/region, such as a country/nation. According to the ancestors of the Benuaq people & based on the language dialect group in Benuaq, it is believed that the Benuaq people did not actually come from Central Kalimantan, except from the Seniang Jatu group. Each has a story/history that their ancestors were on earth directly in their current place. One version of the story of their ancestors is Aji Tulur Jejangkat & Mook Manar Bulatn. Both have descendants of Nara Gunaq so Benuaq people, Sualas Gunaq ancestors are Tonyoy/Tunjung, and Puncan Karnaq ancestors are Kutai people. Benuaq people in the lower Mahakam area & Jempang Lake and its surroundings to Bongan & Kedang Pahu River claim to be descendants of Seniang Bumuy. Seniang Jatu is believed to be the ancestor of the Benuaq people in the Bentian & Nyuatan areas. It is said that Seniang Jatu descended from Aput Pererawetn, on the banks of the B

Indonesia, which consists of tens of thousands of islands and hundreds of ethnic groups, is a country with the highest heterogeneity on earth, and it has a cultural diversity that reflects the extraordinary wealth of the nation. These beliefs can be in the form of beliefs in God Almighty, beliefs in Gods, spirits, ancestors, supernatural objects, magical powers, etc. In addition, until now they still maintain noble values ​​and carry out the traditions inherited from their ancestors, one of which is a ritual related to their lives. According to I Made Suarsana, belief is a system of human behavior to achieve a certain purpose by relying on the will and power of creatures such as spirits, Gods, etc. They believe that the universe is a place for good and evil spirits to live, which can influence human life. They believe their ancestors are still present in this world and can provide assistance and guidance in everyday life. They believe that every event and activity must begin with praye

In fact, several genetic studies in modern times indicate that the ancestors of the Malagasy ethnic group in the western region of Madagascar and several other ethnic groups in eastern Africa are descendants of the Dayak diaspora who came from the Banjar area in southern Kalimantan. Experts divide the form of primitive beliefs into several parts, namely, dynamism, animism, fetishism, and totemism. Animism is a belief that assumes that everything in nature has a soul. Animism is a belief system based on various spirits/souls and spirits around human habitation. The term animism means the belief that everything that exists must be alive. For example, trees, valleys, mountains, rivers, hills, the moon, and animals all have inhabitants. In the above case regarding animism, animism is a belief in spirits that are not visible to humans with the naked eye. Awareness and belief of society in the existence of supernatural powers/spirits that exist in objects, so that these objects are used as a

The concentration of settlements of the Rongga tribe, generally living in East Flores & East Manggarai districts. The belief system during the Perundagian period still continued the previous period, namely animism & dynamism. The discovery of prehistoric sites proves that the ancestors of Indonesian people have long believed in animist beliefs, namely the worship of spirits in certain objects other than living creatures. In the archipelago, before the arrival of religion from the outside, the people still adhered to old beliefs, namely animism & dynamism. Animism is the belief that everything on earth, both living and dead, has a spirit and must be respected so that it does not disturb humans. Evidence of animism & dynamism beliefs can be seen from the remains of local cultural beliefs of people who believe in the worship of ancestral spirits and supernatural objects. Buildings left by adherents of animism & dynamism are often referred to as original buildings of pa

Ende Regency has 2 ethnicities, namely EL & Ende ethnic. The tribal chief & his deputy hold their respective roles by the duties mandated by them from generation to generation from their previous ancestors. This kind of community does not receive an inheritance from the tribe's ancestors, but if they provide services to the tribe, they will be given certain rewards. For the Lio people, uwikaju / uwiai is a local food which is a staple food & has been around since the time of their ancestors, one of which is uwiai gau. In studying EL language & culture, we use the WDB text which has been translated into Indonesian. The Lio people also believe in supernatural powers and that the spirits of their ancestors and nature spirits are very influential in their lives. The culture of the Lio people is still strongly influenced by belief values ​​which are a symbiosis of animism, dynamism & spiritualism. EL usually gives offerings to nature & its ancestors. The aim of t

The Ngada tribe is an ethnic group that inhabits the central part of the island of Flores, especially in the Ngada district. In the 20th century, missionary Paul Arndt conducted research in the region. Animism & dynamism are belief systems that lived in prehistoric times. In the Mesolithic era, when humans led a life of advanced hunting and began to settle & grow plants, these two belief systems developed. In the history book for the SMA/MA class about this opinion, there is a painting of a boat in a nekara which is said to be a vehicle for spirits to go to the afterlife. Other records also explain the complexity of several spirit-honoring ceremonies, burial systems & giving offerings to trees. This shows the form of prehistoric society's belief system, namely animism and dynamism. Quoting the explanation on the Ministry of Education and Culture's website, animism & dynamism are beliefs held by humans in prehistoric times, such as the megalithic era. So what is

According to folklore, their ancestors came from outside by sea on rafts from the west, east/north. The first ancestors of the Manggarai people were Nggae Sawu who came from across the country and landed in Manado Sawu. According to historical records, they were historically controlled alternately by the Bima tribe with the Bima Sultanate from the island of Sumbawa & the Makassar tribe with the Gowa Sultanate from the island of Sulawesi. Each subdistrict has a varying number of arenas depending on the area, such as the Lambaleda subdistrict which has a larger area than the Ruteng subdistrict, overseeing 12 subdistricts. In 1556 Father Antonio Taveira OP bathed 5000 Timorese people & also on the island of Ende. In 1701, for the first time in Kupang, an elementary school & Christian congregation union was established by a traveling pastor. Theodorus Verhoeven found a human skeleton in Momer & Bua's burrow. The first excavations were carried out in July 1965. Animism,

Like people in other areas, some Sumbawa people still adhere to animism & some adhere to Hinduism. Before Islam came to Sumbawa, the people on the island first adhered to an animism & dynamism belief system, namely belief in the spirits of ancestors who had died. However, after Islamic teachings entered Sumbawa, the animist belief system & Hindu-Buddhist beliefs slowly began to disappear. Apart from Sunan Prapen, Sunan Giri also sent one of his students named Sheikh Zainal Abidin, son of Kolono Marhum, the first King of Ternate to convert to Islam. After Kolono Marhum died in 1486, his position was replaced by his son, Sultan Zainal Abidin. It was only during the reign of the last King of the Awan Kuning dynasty, namely Dewa Maja Purwa, that records were found about the activities of the Kingdom's government, including that Dewa Maja Purwa had signed an agreement with the Kingdom of Gowa in Sulawesi. 1637 Mas Goa was succeeded by his sister's son, Mas Bantan. After

This group lives in the western part of the bay, spread across mountains and valleys. In Bima, the belief in animism - dynamism is often referred to as makakamba makakimbi which developed during the Naka, Ncuhi, and Kingdom times & even today there are still some who believe in the supernatural powers of certain objects. Meanwhile, ancestral spirits are referred to as marafu & ncuhi which developed during the proto-historical / pre-Islamic period. This reality has encouraged Sufi scholars when spreading Islam in the archipelago to use a compromise method with a haqiqah approach so that the Islamic teachings conveyed tend to be more collaborative with the local traditions where the spread of Islam was carried out.

From a linguistic perspective, the Bali Aga tribe is Austronesian, just like other ethnic groups in the western Lesser Sunda Islands. Well, just like most regions in Indonesia which used to embrace animism & dynamism, so does this society. In Tenganan, where tourism is more readily accepted & the people are said to be friendlier, a 3-day festival called usaba sambah is held during June/July.

Before Islam came to Indonesia, especially on the island of Java, the Indonesian people already knew & practiced a belief, namely the worship of ancestral spirits. This civilization was rooted in its own cultural sources & then the influence of Hindu Buddhist culture was absorbed into it. Then in the 8th – 10th century AD, there was the Mataram Kingdom with its temples in Dieng, Borobudur, Mendut, Prambanan, etc. Traditional symbols were originally the cultural heritage of Hinduism & Buddhism which contain mystical meanings and interpretations as belief rites deeply rooted in the teachings of animism & dynamism. After the 10th century AD, changes in cultural symbols from traditions inherited from the Hindu Buddhist tradition underwent changes & shifted to traditional symbols with the aroma and color of Islamic teachings. The cultural richness found in Madura is built from various cultural elements including the influence of animism, Hinduism & Islam. The arrival

Like most other Indonesian ethnic groups, including the Sundanese, the Javanese are an Austronesian people whose ancestors are thought to have come from Taiwan & migrated through the Philippines to reach the island of Java between 1500 - 1000 BC. Apart from Austronesian influences, there are also influences from Islam, India, and the Western world in their lives. In 774 the tribe launched an attack on Po Nagar in Nhatrang where pirates destroyed the temple, while in 787 an attack was launched on Phangrang. This expansionist tribe launched several large expeditions to Madura, Bali in 1284, and Kalimantan & the most important expedition to Sumatra in 1275. From other authors' notes, it can be seen that some went to the Maldives, Calicut, Oman, Aden & the Sea. Red. The Javanese imported labor in the form of black people from Jenggi, Pujut & Bondan. This is shown by the presence of outriggers & oculi on African boats. The former capital can be found in Trowulan. Thi

Sundanese are the majority in Banten, the remainder are also found in rural areas of West Java. Sundanese consists of several dialects, such as the southern / Priangan dialect covering the city of Bandung & its surroundings. Meanwhile, the central-eastern dialect is spoken in the Majalengka & Indramayu districts. The Tarumanagara Kingdom was founded in 358 - 669 AD. Just like in other parts of Indonesia, the first religion/belief adopted in the Land of Sunda was animism & dynamism. Before religious influence from different nations, animism & dynamism were beliefs held by many people in the archipelago. Apart from religion which is used as a way of life, Sundanese people also have a way of life inherited from their ancestors. Meanwhile, the Galuh Kingdom was founded in 1030 - 1579 AD. It was during this time that Tanah Pasundan was famous for its wayang golek art. The performance time is also unique, namely in the evening starting around 20.00 – 21.00 until 04.00 in the

The increasing power of Sriwijaya at the end of the 7th century is mentioned in the blunt stone inscription of the Hill Position at the foot of the Seguntang hill southwest of the city of Palembang, which says that in 683 Sriwijaya had power at sea & land and in 686 the country had sent its expedition to conquer other areas in Sumatra & Java. This is proven by the discovery of various types of ceramic materials from the Han era, as well as ceramic materials from the post-Han period and so on, Chinese ceramic materials were also found up to ceramics from the Ming era. Thus, it is estimated that the ancestors of the Lampung people lived in Bukit Barisan in the 13th century, at least in the context of the Minangkabau Paguruyung Kingdom, founded by Adityawarman in 1339. Then, after their relatives settled in Sekala Berak, during the time of their grandson, Umpu Serunting, they founded Keratuan Pemanggil. Umpu Serunting gave birth to 5 sons, namely Indra Gadjah who gave birth to the

The native tribes of Bengkulu include the Merpas tribe. The grouping of migrant communities/tribes in this tribal area can be seen from the names of the sub-districts/villages/hamlets/villages where the migrant tribes live, for example Semarang, Purworejo, Purwokerto, Purwodadi, Pringsewu, Klaten, Wates whose residents come from Central Java. Jogja, Bantul, Sritejo Kencono, Krajan, Trimurjo, Wonosari, Sidomulyo are areas whose residents are from Yogyakarta & Solo. Sinar Semendo, Ogan, Pelembang, is an area with residents from Palembang. Bugis Village is an area with residents from Bugis. Kampung Ambon is an area with residents from Maluku. Its history is recorded from the 16th century, the Kingdom of Dipati Tiang 45 with its King located in the mountains of the Bukit Barisan Plateau with its center in the Lebong area. This kingdom is located at the mouth of the Itam River and its people consist of the Lembak ethnic group. Duke Raja Makdun and his entourage moved away towards the no

In 2090 BC, Rhe Jang Hyang & his group founded a village called Kutai Nuak in the White Napal area, North Bengkulu. Some refer to the region as the Back Indies. In Ekorusyono's Rejang Culture, it is stated that at least in the 2nd century AD, Rejang's ancestors sailed across the ocean & landed on the west coast of Sumatra.  They then occupied the downstream area of ​​the Ketahun River before finally continuing along the river until they reached the Lebong area, which at that time was called Renah Sekalawi. Before going to Sumatra, Rejang's ancestors are thought to have stopped for a long time in Kalimantan, before crossing to Sumatra via Bangka & landing on the Musi River. Perhaps because of security & conquest factors, Rejang's ancestors continued along the Musi and Rawas Rivers upstream.  After reaching the present Rejang area, Rejang's ancestors did not immediately become familiar with agriculture/cultivation. As a member of the Austronesian langu

The native population of Jambi province includes the Batin tribe. The Batin tribe has Malay elements in its culture & some have combined with Minangkabau culture, many live in Bungo, Merangin, Tebo, and Sarolangun districts. Around 72,000 Batin people are living in the interior of southern central Sumatra. The Batin people come from people who inhabit the mountainous areas to the west, such as the Kerinci people who inhabit the lowlands to the east. In terms of belief, even after embracing religion, the practice of animism & dynamism is still strongly attached. Etymologically, dynamic comes from the Greek dynamis / dynaomos, but the dynamic is in English. Animism from Latin is anima which means soul/spirit. Animism, on the other hand, comes from the Latin word anima, meaning soul/spirit. According to EB Taylor, animism is the belief in the existence of living spirits & souls throughout the universe. In 1873 he wrote a book entitled Primitive Culture. In this book, he introd

Long after the Ice Age, the Mongoloid race spread to the south of the Asian continent and even reached the American continent through the Bering Strait. Those who spread to Asia were then known as the Malay deutro people in Indonesia who developed metal & bronze culture. The name of one of the countries they live in, Jambi, is often mentioned in Chinese inscriptions and news. The oldest news about the Jambi Kingdom comes from Tang Hui Yao which was compiled by Wang Pu in 961 AD, during the reign of the Tang & Hsin Tang Shu dynasty which was compiled in the early 7th century AD during the reign of the Sung dynasty. The king, Srimat Tribhuwanaraja Mauli Warmadewa, married Puti Reno Mandi. One of his children, Dara Jingga, later married Kertanegara's envoy, Mahesa Anabrang & gave birth to Adityawarman. When Kertanegara's envoys returned to Java, they found that the Singasari Kingdom had been destroyed due to attacks from Kublai Khan from the Yuan Dynasty, assisted by R