Wondei's Animism

Special research on exploration of local ethnomedicinal knowledge & community-based medicinal plants in Indonesia, hereinafter referred to as medicinal plants and herbal medicine research, is a research on mapping traditional knowledge in the use of tribal-based medicinal plants carried out by the health research and development agency in 2016. The questionnaire sheets were collected by the province to be sent to the central data management team at the TOOT research and development center to be stored for 5 years. Hattra as informants numbered 102 people, 20 of whom were over 61 years old, while there were 67 informants aged 41-60 years & 15 under 40 years old.

As many as 85.3% of hattra had knowledge of more than 10 years. This condition is closely related to Hattra's efforts to find and make a potion for malaria, so that the potion data can also be further utilized to support sustainable development goals, namely ending the malaria epidemic by 2030. The Yapen tribe is a group of tribes that inhabit Yapen Island in Cenderawasih Bay. This tribe group consists of 7 native tribes and 3 settled tribes, native tribes such as Wondei.

The Biri River District consists of Komra, Ansudu, Aansudu 2 / Srem, Mawaswares villages. In 2011 the Edera district expanded into 3, namely Edera, Syahcame & Bamgi. The seven villages & sub-districts referred to above are Bade, Geturki, Mememu, Gimikiya, Banamepe, Yodom and Isyaman villages.

The existence of the river can be found in several places including Dawai, Warironi, Wabuayar, Kainui, Serui, Aromarea, Tatui, Ariepi, Kamanap, Kanawa, Sasawa, Kairawi, Papuma, Ansus, Artunai, Woinap & Mariarotu. However, many eventually choose to stay in the villages around the mine, namely Banti, Waa, Tsinga, Arwanop. The Kasuari coastal district consists of 9 villages that are separated by 3 large rivers, one of which is the Gong river as a boundary between villages, the Gong river is used as an entry route using speed boats & ships to get to the Kasuari coastal district.

The two rivers are the Daeram & Wildeman rivers. But there is a swamp that never dries up all year round, namely the Bidnew & Vomu swamps. Citak Mitak District is around 3312 km2 in area with a population of 8188 people.

And the Abenaho district area has an air temperature ranging from minus 4 - minus 11 degrees Celsius. The area is a valley in the mountains flanked by hills with cliffs that are generally steep and steep and there are several mountain peaks that tower above 4000 m, including the Trikora peak with a height of 4700 m above sea level. The Manirem ethnic group is led by an ondoafi, namely the highest traditional leader in the entire Tabi region.

Administratively, the Demta tribe inhabits the Demta district on the northern coast of Jayapura Regency. Tbatik comes from the words tab & fatjich. Tab means sun & fatjich which means shady, calm, prosperous, peaceful.

Youtefa Bay is also called fatjich which means a calm bay. But over time the name became tobati. The Fonataba clan lives on the coast of Mereruni.

The impression of the area of ​​these 3 ethnic groups made in 1903 by the Wichman expedition team shows that this area is fertile & good for residents to live in in relation to prosperity. The coastal population is further divided into 2 parts, namely the Bisman tribe which is between the Sinesty & Nin rivers and the Simai tribe. In the southeast are the Sawuy & Kaigiri tribes.

This ethnic group is one of 6 ethnic groups that inhabit the Bintang Mountains region. The Amungme people come from the Damal ethnic group, the large eogame family, the ethnic subgroup is the Delem ethnic group who live along the Memberamo river. Amungme is also called Amungsa, which means a high place, sloping & covered in clouds.

The Amungme population, especially those from the Jayawijaya mountains, have received housing facilities and plantation land from PTFI. We got this information when we first came to Timika & met with the Damal bureau at the Amungme and Kamoro community development institutions. According to one of the Damal bureau staff, Tepi Komangal, the Damal & Amungme tribes come from 1 descendant / 1 ancestor.

In the history of the Damal & Amungme tribes, they are brothers, 1 ancestor, as mentioned above. Magaboarat Negel Jombei Peibei, that's how the Amungme ethnic group calls their ancestral land where they live. The Dani ethnic group themselves do not want to use that name & call themselves Pallymeke which means we are people from the Baliem valley.

Various everyday language accents that are considered by their speakers as characteristics that divide the entire Dani ethnic group into sub-ethnic groups, for example the Nduga dialect / accent used by residents in the Kurima sub-district, the Lani accent used by residents in the Makki, Tiom, Karubaga, Bokondini, Kelila, Mulia & Ilaga districts. The Walek / Mukako accent used by residents in the Wamena, Kurulu Assologai districtsma. However, the myth about their origins where in all versions of the myth in general mentions that the ancestors of the Dani ethnic group were a pair of male and female humans who came out of the ground in a certain place then reproduced and spread to various areas occupied by the Dani ethnic group until now.

The original belief of the Dani ethnic group is animism, the original emphasis is the worship of ancestral spirits who are considered to have magical powers called atou. The Yali ethnic group is an ethnic group that inhabits Yalimo district. The Yali ethnic group until now still upholds the arts & culture which are the legacy of their ancestors.

Auyu is one of the large tribes in Mappi district that still maintains the legacy of their ancestors. Vind is an ethnic group in Senggi village, Keerom district. Vind is interpreted as a friendly human being & afraid to commit crimes.

The use of medicinal plants in the Vind tribe is a legacy of their ancestors that is still carried out from generation to generation until now, although some medicinal plants are starting to be difficult to find. One of the 1 in Lanny Jaya district that still maintains the legacy of their ancestors is the Lani tribe. In the mythology of the Asmat people who live in Flaminggo Bay, for example, the name of the God is Fumeripitsy.

He was then carried away by the current & stranded on the banks of the Asewetsy River, now the village of Syuru. Although the carvings are not clearly patterned, each carving depicts the greatness of the Asmat tribe & great respect for their ancestors. The carvings are in the form of sacred ancestral / animal patterns.

We will present a depiction of the Ngalum tribe through a portrait of the Oksibil district as one of the traditional areas of the Ngalum tribe. The world created by Atangki is divided into several important elements, namely humans, animals, plants, spirits & all inanimate objects. Hereditarily, long before modern medicine was introduced, the Ngalum people have known how to treat themselves / maintain their health from their ancestors.

Land with its habitat environment is seen as a place to live, garden, hunt & cemetery as well as a place of residence for spirits and the spirits of ancestors so that there are several land locations such as caves, mountains, waterfalls & graves considered sacred places. Some ornaments/motifs that are often used & become the main theme are taking the theme of the ancestors of their tribe, which are usually called mbis. However, other motifs are often found that resemble boats/wuramon, which they believe are symbols of spirit boats that carry their ancestors in the afterlife.

For them, wood carving is more of a manifestation of their way of performing rituals to commemorate the spirits of their ancestors. According to their beliefs, the ancestral Gods once landed on earth in a place far away in the mountains. Until now, this tribe still maintains the tradition by utilizing plants around them for medicine/health care, they still maintain the heritage of their ancestors.

The worship of ancestral spirits is still practiced even though most of them are Catholic & Christian. Catholicism & Christianity are the result of zending practices brought by missionaries from the Netherlands.