Tonaas Walian


This agreement occurred on 10 - 1 - 1679 and was carried out between the VOC governor based in Maluku, Robertus Padtbrugge, and 23 Walak chiefs. Johann Gerard Friedrich Riedel's notes in his writings in 1870 state that initially, there were 3 paksaans, namely Tumbuluk, Tountewoh, and Toungkimbut. According to folklore, these three paksaans divided the territory in Watu Pinawetengan.

Graafland's writings in the 19th century used the names Toumbulu for Tombulu, Tounsea for Tonsea, Toulour for Tondano, and Tounpakewa for Tontemboan. The Bantik sub-ethnic group inhabits the city of Manado and its surroundings, while the Siauw sub-ethnic group inhabits the island of Siauw. The other three languages ​​are included in other groups: the Ponosokan language is included in the Gorontalo-Mongondow group, and the Bantik and Ratahan languages are included in the Sangihe-Talaud group. 

Maria fought to improve the condition of women in the early 20th century, including by establishing PIKAT. The Indonesian national hero and doctoral graduate from the University of Zurich took part in the struggle for Indonesian independence. According to Minahasa mythology, the Minahasan people are descendants of Toar & Lumimuut.

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