Itaar's Animism

The 1965 tragedy was the greatest tragedy in this nation's dark history. The Dayak-Madurese conflict in West Kalimantan in mid-February 2001, for example, illustrates the potential for this disintegration. Rahmawati stated that the struggle for religious ideology within the Katingan Dayak family in Tewang Tampang village had implications for traditional practices, serving as an arena for prestige contestation.

Land slopes between 0 and 40% are considered coastal areas, while slopes between 40 and 60% are considered undulating to hilly areas. This type of land is more prevalent around Yapen Island. In 2011, the Edera district was divided into three districts: Edera, Syahcame, and Bamgi. The seven villages and sub-districts mentioned above are Bade, Geturki, Mememu, Gimikiya, Banamepe, Yodom, and Isyaman.

Youtefa Bay is also called Fatjich, which means calm bay. Furthermore, the area manages Hamadi Beach as a natural tourist destination, offering rest huts and selling snacks. The river can be found in several locations, including Dawai, Warironi, Wabuayar, Kainui, Serui, Aromarea, Tatui, Ariepi, Kamanap, Kanawa, Sasawa, Kairawi, Papuma, Ansus, Artunai, Woinap, and Mariarotu.

The area consists of a mountain valley flanked by hills with generally steep cliffs, and several peaks towering above 4,000 meters, including Trikora Peak at 4,700 meters above sea level. The natural resources of Skouw Village still provide for the local community. Besides fishing, some also rent out the Base G beach tourist area.

However, there are swamps that never dry out all year round: the Bidnew and Vomu swamps. In the Abenaho district, the air temperature ranges from minus 4 to minus 11 degrees Celsius. Changes and contact occurred, including with the Portuguese, known through the voyages of Bartholomew Diaz, Vasco da Gama, Marco Polo, and others.

Then another French ocean explorer appeared, namely Alvaro Memdana de Neyra, Antonio Martha. He named Mount Dofonsoro Cyclops. This name was taken from a giant in Greek mythology, a one-eyed giant with a very frightening face.

In the Governor of the Dutch East Indies Decree No. 4 of August 28, 1909, to the Assistant Resident, it was stated that a detachment of four officers and 80 soldiers was assigned to Manokwari. This was based on the Ternate Resident's instructions to regularly explore the area. Hollandia means curved/hilly land, while the geography of the Netherlands is characterized by bays.

In the park now stands the Yos Sudarso monument, serving as a resting place for residents in the afternoon. The word also appears in the Old Testament to refer to Jews exiled from Jerusalem. Between 2015 and 2017, Eko said, transmigration resulted in the construction of infrastructure, economic, social, and cultural development, as well as certificates and partnerships in 259 settlements in 22 new urban areas.

With an area of ​​only 940 km2, the city had to accommodate a population of 293,690 in 2017, a 1.7% increase from the previous year. Humidity ranged from 77% to 82%, with the highest rainfall in March 2005 at 500 mm and the lowest in December 2005 at 100 mm. The criteria used to determine this protected area are based on Presidential Decree No. 32 of 1980.

Gotong royong (mutual cooperation) comes from the Javanese language and has at least a Javanese nuance. Regarding human respect for the power of nature, there is a theory of extraordinary power put forward by British anthropologist R.R. Marett. As many as 85.3% of Hattra have knowledge of more than 10 years.

This condition is closely related to Hattra's efforts to find and create remedies for malaria, so that the data on these remedies can also be further utilized to support the sustainable development goal of ending the malaria epidemic by 2030. The Manirem ethnic group is led by an ondoafi, the highest customary leader in the entire Tabi region. Impressions of the three ethnic groups, made in 1903 by the Wichman expedition team, indicate that the region is fertile and conducive to human habitation, contributing to prosperity.

The Kamoro are one of the coastal tribes in Mimika Regency. Their lifestyle is known for its three-s principle: sago, canoe, and river. The Fonataba clan resides on the coast of Mereruni. The walek/mukako dialect is used by the residents of the Wamena district, Kurulu Assologaima.

The coastal population is further divided into two groups: the Bisman tribe, which lives between the Sinesty and Nin rivers, and the Simai tribe. The Waena indigenous people are related to the indigenous people of Harapan village in the Sentani district.East. The Nafri village residents' livelihood is gathering sago, which remains their primary source of income, interspersed with farming, or cultivating long-term crops in the fields.

Meanwhile, the Youwe clan, originating from the Cycloop region, came and settled on Kosong Island, which is now predominantly inhabited by Buton Island. The Puy clan, in its native language, is called Cthargu. The Citak tribe lives along the Daeram River, while the Mitak tribe, the Awuyu, lives along the Wildeman River.

To the southeast, the Sawuy and Kaigiri tribes live. This ethnic group is one of six ethnic groups inhabiting the Bintang Mountains region. They are led by several clan leaders, such as the Itaar.

The Vind are an ethnic group from Senggi Village in Keerom Regency. Vind is defined as a friendly people who fear evil. The use of medicinal plants by the Vind tribe is a legacy inherited from their ancestors and is still practiced today, although some medicinal plants are becoming increasingly difficult to find.

The Amungme people, particularly those from the Jayawijaya mountains, have received housing facilities and plantation land from PTFI. According to a staff member from the Damal bureau on the edge of Komangal, the Damal and Amungme tribes share a common ancestor. The Amungme are also called Amungsa, meaning a high, sloping place shrouded in clouds.

Historically, the Damal and Amungme tribes are considered brothers and share a common ancestor, as mentioned above. Magaboarat Negel Jombei Peibei is how the Amungme call their ancestral homeland. However, the myth surrounding their origins, in all versions, generally states that the ancestors of the Dani were a male and female pair who emerged from the earth in a specific location, then reproduced and spread to various regions inhabited by the Dani people to this day.

The Dani themselves refuse to use this name and call themselves pallymeke, meaning "we are the people of the Baliem Valley." Various colloquial dialects, considered by their speakers to be distinctive characteristics, divide the entire Dani ethnic group into sub-ethnic groups. For example, the Nduga dialect/dialect spoken by residents of Kurima sub-district, and the Lani dialect spoken by residents of Makki, Tiom, Karubaga, Bokondini, Kelila, Mulia, and Ilaga districts. The Dani ethnic group's traditional beliefs are animistic, with a primary focus on the worship of ancestral spirits, who are believed to possess supernatural powers called atou.

The Yali ethnic group inhabits Yalimo Regency. To this day, the Yali still uphold the arts and culture inherited from their ancestors. We will present a portrait of the Ngalum tribe through a portrait of Oksibil district, one of the Ngalum's traditional territories.

Long before the introduction of modern medicine, the Ngalum people have known for generations how to heal themselves and maintain their health, inherited from their ancestors. The people of the Indonesian archipelago have local/indigenous belief systems in the form of animism and dynamism, or belief in the spirits of the deceased. They also believe in the existence of spirits contained within certain objects, including rocks and large trees, mountains, and places that possess secret and frightening powers, from which supernatural powers can be derived.

Before the arrival of Christianity and Islam in Jayapura, the Tobati people still adhered to animism, or belief in ancestors. The decisions and voices of the ondoafi are believed to be bound by ancestral spirits, both past and present. This act demonstrates human recognition of the presence and power of spirits.

Papuans also believe that the spirits of the deceased receive power from the Creator God to control the living. Therefore, the living must maintain good relations with the deceased to protect themselves from various disasters that can be caused by the spirits of the deceased. This belief, which views the origin of humanity as ancestral, also influences the indigenous population of Jayapura, spread across five districts: Abepura, North and South Jayapura, and Muara Tami.

The Auyu are one of the large tribes in Mappi Regency that still maintain their ancestral heritage. One tribe in Lanny Jaya Regency that also maintains this ancestral heritage is the Lani. The land and its natural environment are viewed as a place for living, farming, hunting, and burial, as well as a place for spirits and ancestral spirits. Therefore, several locations, such as caves, mountains, waterfalls, and cemeteries, are considered sacred.

Some of the ornaments/motifs frequently used and the main theme are based on ancestral themes from their tribe, commonly called mbis. However, other motifs resembling boats/boats are also frequently encountered.Wuramon, which they believe is a symbol of the spirit boat that carries their ancestors to the afterlife. For them, wood carving is more of a manifestation of their rituals to commemorate their ancestors.

According to their beliefs, the ancestral god once landed on earth somewhere deep in the mountains. In the mythology of the Asmat people who live in Flaminggo Bay, for example, that god is called Fumeripitsy. He was then carried away by the current and stranded on the banks of the Asewetsy River, in what is now Syuru Village.

Although the carvings are not clearly patterned, each one depicts the greatness of the Asmat people and their deep respect for their ancestors. The carvings depict sacred ancestors or animals. To this day, the Sawi people still maintain their traditional culture and customs, which are still clearly visible and related to this ristoja ritual. This is evident when the Puldat team visited several villages in the coastal district of Kasuari.

To this day, this tribe maintains traditions by utilizing surrounding plants for medicinal purposes, preserving their ancestral heritage. The world created by Atangki is divided into several essential elements: humans, animals, plants, spirits, and all inanimate objects. However, some of them have embraced several officially recognized religions, namely Islam, Christianity, Catholicism, Hinduism, and Buddhism.

Temple temples are sacred places to worship Ida Sanghyang Widi Wasa, the gods, and ancestral spirits through a series of ongoing ceremonies. Adhisti, in his archaeological and architectural studies of the Maospati Gerenceng temple, states that the temple complex was founded in the 13th century AD and continued in the 14th-15th centuries AD, and is linked to and influenced by Majapahit, as seen in its buildings and remains. In this regard, Karmini discusses the development of the Batuan village temple in Sukawati, Gianyar, as a cultural tourism attraction and the response of tourists to this attraction.

Originally, the term "pura," derived from Sanskrit, meant a city or fortress, but has now evolved into a place of worship for God. Before the word "pura" was used to describe a sacred place, the word "kahyangan" or "hyang" was used. Originally, the term "pura," derived from Sanskrit, meant a city or fortress, but has now evolved into a place of worship for God.

Before the word "pura" was used to describe a sacred place, the word "kahyangan" or "hyang" was used. As sacred places to worship Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa in all His manifestations and the sacred spirits of ancestors, temples are now found not only in Bali but also throughout Indonesia, such as in the city of Jayapura. The tifa relief at the Agung Surya Bhuvana Temple is also found in the Praja Mandala wantilan hall, for example, on the front of the wantilan, the front of the stage, and the ornaments on the wantilan support pillars.

The temple's establishment is likened to the flow of the Ganges River: as the Ganges' water flows into its tributaries, it always adapts to its new location. A routine monthly activity, called arisan, is held every holiday, Saturday or Sunday. If the temple funds are sufficient, a communal boar offering is held every Galungan holiday.

Tat twam asi means "it is me" or "you are me." In Balinese Hindu mythology, the bird of paradise is considered the bird of the gods, also known as "manuk Dewata."

The bird of paradise dance was first performed in the early 1920s in the Sawan sub-district of Buleleng Regency. Two evangelists were sent by Pastor Gossner from Berlin, Germany, at the initiative of Pastor Heldring to evangelize in New Guinea. Ancestor worship continues to be practiced even though most of the residents have converted to Catholicism and Christianity.

Etymologically, the word harmony originates from Arabic, namely ruknun, which means pillar, foundation, or principle.