Ngalum's Animism


This socio-cultural book will explore in depth the traditional religion of an ethnic group, namely Tukon, whose beliefs are rooted in supernatural powers in this religion, the atangki of God, seramki of Jesus & onkor of the Virgin Mary, are central figures in the beliefs of the Ngalum people, various rituals called masop, including ceremonies, life views, totems / beliefs in sacred objects, sacred plants, land and miniature areas & religious myths, mantras and religious songs are an integral part of their lives. This book is an important reading for anyone interested in the review of socio-religious & cultural changes, as well as for those who want to understand the complex dynamics between tradition & modernity when Islam entered Indonesia, especially the island of Java, the Wali Sanga scholars tried to incorporate the values ​​of Islamic teachings into the pre-Islamic culture of Java. This made it easier for the people of Sulawesi & surrounding areas to accept Islam, which were previously influenced by Hindu-Buddhist beliefs and animism in the religious life of the people of Sulawesi to adapt Islamic teachings to local culture, giving birth to various beliefs & traditional ritual ceremonies, usually aimed at honoring, worshiping, giving thanks and asking for safety from ancestors, which originated from animist beliefs. Table of contents of socio-cultural books with the title of the book, the use of coal in Indonesia, including Europe in Indonesia, acculturation & changes in general conditions, beliefs and their relationship to myths, ceremonies, traditions, plants & Sacred objects, changes in outlook on life, the transformation from traditional to modern religion. This socio-cultural book will explore in depth the traditional religion of an ethnic group, the Tukon, whose beliefs are rooted in supernatural powers. This facilitated the acceptance of Islam by the people of Sulawesi and the surrounding areas, who were previously influenced by Hinduism, Buddhism, and animism. Dutch officials such as Jan Sneep, Nol Hermans, and Pim Schoorl were sent on a small expedition to the Sibil Valley in 1955 and met its inhabitants, the Sibil/Ngalum tribe.

The Ngalum tribe is an Ok ethnic group inhabiting the eastern Papuan Highlands. Currently, there are 417 iwolmai recorded in the Bintang Mountains. In addition to obtaining siwol in southern regions such as Mindiptana and Merauke, they also obtain salt.

At the beginning of the 20th century, trade began between the Ngalum tribe and coastal tribes. Mourning lasts for three days after the funeral. According to the myth of the Aplim Apom Sibilki, the ancestors of the Ngalum tribe, known as kaka i onkora and ase, were created by the atangki at the peak of Mandala, making the mountain sacred to them.

They believe in the presence of a creator, protector, and evil spirits. In traditional ceremonies, there is a division of leadership roles: the oksangki (leader) leads the dances; the om bonengki (leader) manages the plantations and food supplies; the ap iwol ngolki (leader of the male traditional house); the barki (leader) plays a sacred role in ceremonies/rituals; the kaka nalkonki (leader of war); and the jebulki (leader) oversees the preservation of ancestral heritage. Traditional ceremonies typically aim to honor, worship, give thanks, and ask for safety from ancestors, stemming from animist beliefs.

There is no official record of the religions practiced by all members of the tribe, but in the Oksibil region, where the Ngalum tribe predominates, 80% of the population is Catholic. This practice began with the arrival of the Catholic mission in 1956.

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